Therefore, he suggested Preston’s proportion, which states that “the width of maxillary lateral incisor should be 66% the width of central incisors and the width of maxillary canines should be 55% the width of maxillary central incisors when observed from the frontal view.” Consequently, Snow proposed a bilateral ratio for each anterior tooth in percentage of the total apparent intercanine width.
He described it as “the proportion of the successive width of the teeth remaining constant when progressing distally from the midline.” Moreover, Preston studied the occurrence of golden proportion and found that it only existed in 17% of the subjects. Īs an alternate, other principles were introduced for the implementation of esthetic restoration in the labial segment including RED (recurring esthetic dental proportion), (Preston Proportion) and GP (golden percentage). However, the recent literature reported that variations have been observed in dental features hence, in aesthetically pleasing smiles, the golden ratio was not found. A grid with columns in golden proportion was invented by him and later on proposed, to use the grid for evaluation and development of harmonious maxillary anterior teeth restorations. In addition, it was also suggested by Levin that, when the maxillary anterior teeth are evaluated from frontal plane, the width of the lateral incisor should be in golden proportion to the width of central incisor and width of canine to the lateral incisor. He concluded that the widths of the maxillary anterior teeth are repeated in this proportion. Therefore, he recommended the Golden Proportion Theory (GPT) for the creation of an esthetic anterior tooth dimensions, which is a constant ratio of 1.618 : 1. He suggested that it is essential to develop a balance between the dentition and the facial profile. Lombardi was the first to recommend the use of the harmonious proportion in dentistry. In the exploration to create esthetically agreeable restoration of lost and traumatic maxillary anterior teeth, researchers have proposed the application of aesthetic proportions to define the correlation between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth. Emphasis should be given to a range of dental proportion on regional basis. Thus, golden percentage should not be used solely for the correction of anterior teeth or for determining dental attractiveness. There was no significant gender difference in the golden percentage values. The values obtained were 16%, 15%, 20%, 20%, 15%, and 16% moving from the right canine to the left canine teeth. The golden percentage values were not found in this study. The data were analyzed by independent and paired -test. Once the dimensions were recorded, the calculations were made according to the golden percentage theory (GPT).
Standardized frontal images were captured with DSLR, and the apparent width of maxillary anterior teeth was measured utilizing a software on a personal laptop computer. For this purpose, one hundred and ninety dentate subjects with sound maxillary anterior teeth were selected. And to propose regional values of golden percentage for restoration of maxillary anterior teeth. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the existence of golden percentage in natural maxillary anterior teeth with the aid of 3D digital dental models and 2D photographs.